Social media use, psychological well-being and physical health during lockdown

In efforts to curb the spread of COVID-19, many countries have implemented a variety of lockdown and quarantine measures. With substantially reduced face-to-face interactions, many people may have relied heavily on social media for connection, information, and entertainment. However, little is known about the psychological and physical health implications of social media use during strict lockdown. The current study investigates the associations of social media use with psychological well-being and physical health among Wuhan residents (N = 1214). Our findings showed that non-COVID related self-disclosure was positively associated with psychological well-being, while COVID related information consumption and sharing were negatively associated with psychological well-being. Further, more generic use of social media was associated with lower psychological well-being, which in turn related to more somatic symptoms. Quarantined people used social media more frequently than non-quarantined people. Importantly, the negative association between social media use and psychological well-being was significantly stronger for quarantined people than unquarantined people. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Information, Communication & Society is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

The Recover Study: A Cross-Sectional Examination of the Relationship Between Ontario Parents' Resilience and COVID-19-Related Stressors

Resilience, or the ability to bounce back despite facing adversities, may influence parents' abilities to handle the multitude of parent-specific COVID-19-related challenges that have faced them. This cross-sectional study examined (1) the relationship between parents' resilience and their COVID-19-related family stressors;(2) parents' perceptions of their greatest stressors throughout the pandemic;and (3) non-school-related challenges and their resultant impact on parents' and children's resilience. Via an online survey, data was collected from 63 parents (Mage = 37.09;82.54% female). A significant relationship was found between parents' resilience and both their COVID-19-related stressors and family stressors. Parents described stressors challenging their resilience, including impacts on their mental health, managing occupational and educational responsibilities, social isolation, and economic setbacks, while also noting the impacts of social isolation, missing extracurricular activities, and lacking routines for their children. Overall, Ontario parents high in resilience are likely better positioned to adapt to pandemic-related stressors. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Family Journal is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Artificial Intelligence Assisted Social Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) for Sustainable Product Design

Nowadays, the social dimension of product sustainability is increasingly in demand, however, industrial designers struggle to pursue it much more than the environmental or economic one due to their unfamiliarity in correlating design choices with social impacts. In addition, this gap is not filled even by the supporting methods that have been conceived to only support specific areas of application. To fill this gap, this study proposed a method to support social failure mode and effect analysis (SFMEA), though the automatic failure determination, based on the use of a chatbot (i.e., an artificial intelligence (AI)-based chat). The method consists of 84 specific questions to ask the chatbot, resulting from the combination of known failures and social failures, elements from design theories, and syntactic structures. The starting hypothesis to be verified is that a GPT Chat (i.e., a common AI-based chat), properly queried, can provide all the main elements for the automatic compilation of a SFMEA (i.e., to determine the social failures). To do this, the proposed questions were tested in three case studies to extract all the failures and elements that express predefined SFMEA scenarios: a coffee cup provoking gender discrimination, a COVID mask denying a human right, and a thermometer undermining the cultural heritage of a community. The obtained results confirmed the starting hypothesis by showing the strengths and weaknesses of the obtained answers in relation to the following factors: the number and type of inputs (i.e., the failures) provided in the questions;the lexicon used in the question, favoring the use of technical terms derived from design theories and social sustainability taxonomies;the type of the problem. Through this test, the proposed method proved its ability to support the social sustainable design of different products and in different ways. However, a dutiful recommendation instead concerns the tool (i.e., the chatbot) due to its filters that limit some answers in which the designer tries to voluntarily hypothesize failures to explore their social consequences.

Distributed records in the Rohingya refugee diaspora: Arweave and the R-Archive

Purpose: This article delineates the pilot implementation of the Rohingya Archive (R-Archive). The R-Archive seeks to both confront and exploit the roles of documentation and recordkeeping in forced displacement of Rohingya people through targeted physical and bureaucratic violence in Myanmar. This grassroots activist intervention is located at the intersection of technology, rights, records, jurisdictions and economics. Using Arweave's blockweave, the R-Archive secures copies of records, such as identity documentation, land deeds and personal papers, carried into diaspora by Rohingya refugees against unauthorised alteration, deletion and loss, providing a trust infrastructure for accumulating available evidence in support of rights claims and cultural preservation. Design/methodology/approach: Iterative development of functional requirements, data collection processes and identification of a technological solution for the community-based, post-custodial, blockchain-inspired R-Archive;design and testing of the R-Archive pilot;and analysis of trust and economic concerns arising. Findings: A complex set of interconnecting considerations is raised by this use of emerging technologies in service to a vulnerable and diasporic community. Hostile governments and volatile cryptocurrencies are both threats to the distributed post-custodial R-Archive. However, the strength of the community bonds that form the archive and articulated in its records speak to the possibility of perdurance for a global Rohingya archive, and working through the challenges surfaced by its development offers the possibility to serve as a model that might be adaptable for other grassroots archival activist projects initiated by oppressed, marginalised and diasporic communities. Research limitations/implications: Personal and community safety and accessibility concerns, especially in refugee camps and under Covid-19 restrictions, presented particular challenges to carrying out the research and development that are addressed in the research design and future research plans. Practical implications: The goal of this pilot was to collect and store examples of a range of documents that demonstrate different aspects of Rohingya culture and links to the homeland as well as those that record formal evidentiary relationships between members of the Rohingya community now in diaspora and the Burmese state (e.g. acknowledgements of citizenship). The pilot was intended to demonstrate the viability of using a blockchain-inspired decentralised archival system combined with a community-driven approach to data collection and then to evaluate the results for potential to scale. Social implications: The R-Archive is a community-centred and driven effort to identify and preserve, under as secure and trusted conditions as possible, digital copies of documents that are of juridical, cultural and personal value to the Rohingya people and also of significance as primary documentary evidence that might be used by international legal institutions in investigating genocide taking place in Burma and by academic researchers studying the history of Burma. Originality/value: The R-Archive is novel in terms of its technological application (Arweave), the economic concerns of a vulnerable stateless population it is trying to address, and its functional complexity, in that its goal is simultaneously to serve both legal evidentiary and community archive functions. The R-Archive is also an important addition to other notable efforts in the diasporic Rohingya community that have attempted to employ the tools of technology for cultural preservation. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Documentation is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Opening industry data: The private sector's role in addressing societal challenges

This commentary explores the potential of private companies to advance scientific progress and solve social challenges through opening and sharing their data. Open data can accelerate scientific discoveries, foster collaboration, and promote long-term business success. However, concerns regarding data privacy and security can hinder data sharing. Companies have options to mitigate the challenges through developing data governance mechanisms, collaborating with stakeholders, communicating the benefits, and creating incentives for data sharing, among others. Ultimately, open data has immense potential to drive positive social impact and business value, and companies can explore solutions for their specific circumstances and tailor them to their specific needs.

Consolidating Ireland's Indigenous Social Enterprise Sector - A Policy Perspective

The National Social Enterprise Policy for Ireland (2019 - 2022) was a watershed moment for social enterprise in Ireland. Ireland has a rich, proud and diverse experience of social economy and social enterprise, yet the policy framework developed comparatively later than in some other EU member states. Since its launch in 2019, the Policy has helped to significantly shape the social enterprise sector in Ireland including through targeted measures and improved coherence across government policy. At the same time, the sector is still in a nascent phase and faces dramatic new challenges associated with the realities of focussing on social impact whilst trading in a competitive market economy traditionally focussed on export-potential, which have been exacerbated by the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. As this foundational Policy comes to the end of its term, the Government, in partnership with the sector, now faces another significant juncture which will determine how successful social enterprise can be in moving from the margins to the mainstream and contributing to Ireland's economic, social and environmental progress. The current article seeks to clarify the features of Ireland's indigenous social enterprise sector, and offers perspectives on some of the prerequisites for an ambitious and impactful successor policy in 2023 to unlock the potential of the sector to grow in scale and impact.

Transformation of Sports Practices in Pandemic and Post-pandemic Times

This study explores how sports activities and practices have transformed during the pandemic. These social phenomena have impacted society, organizations, interactions, and individuals (Luhmann, 2003). We conducted desk research and expert interviews in Italy and Romania. The data collected will demonstrate that the two countries represent different patterns of pandemic development. Italy was the most affected European country in the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 (hereafter COVID-19) in 2020. On the opposite side, Romania managed to control the situation well at the beginning of the pandemic. However, it was stronger affected in 2021, while Italy managed to control the situation much better. The desk research consisted of reviewing available official sources and literature (De Nunes, 2020;Pleyers, 2020) related to measures and policies taken to control the effects of Covid on sports activities. Qualitative data were obtained from expert interviews and a critical theoretical framework was applied to assess the countries' restrictions. Our research aims to help to understand how social capabilities could be used to support sports activities in crisis times, as the COVID-19 pandemic was and is – first and foremost – a social phenomenon. Not surprisingly, COVID-19 has spread thanks to the multiple relationships – cultural, economic, political, etc. – that the world's population has forged over a definitively global space, with differential impacts across places (Bailey et al., 2021) that pose sociology to face to understand these new complex scenarios, the main issues we had to face, the successes, the criticalities and the lessons learned. © This is an open access, peer reviewed article published under the Creative Commons License (CC BY 3.0).

Investigating the predictors and outcomes of social entrepreneurship in post-COVID-19 period: moderating role of dynamic technology capability

In the post-COVID-19 period, social entrepreneurship is becoming extremely important, as it generates employment, and improves economic prosperity and solves various issues for society. Not many studies have attempted to understand the social entrepreneurship phenomena in post-COVID-19 period and its impact on society. Thus, there is a research gap, which this study aims to fill. This paper aims to analyse the impacts of intellectual capital and entrepreneurial ability on social entrepreneurship, and its impact on society in the post-COVID-19 period, moderated by technology capability. By the inputs of literature and lending knowledge from theories, a research model is prepared. It was verified using structural equation modelling with data collected through a survey. The study finds that intellectual capital and entrepreneur ability both significantly and positively impact social entrepreneurship. This study implies that intellectual capital and entrepreneurial ability could impact social entrepreneurship when moderated by technology capability, which in turn has social impact in the post-COVID-19 period. Also, the study highlights the moderating role of technology capability on social entrepreneurship.

COVID-19 Outbreak in India: Country Features and Social Impact

India-one of the world's most densely populated countries is severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and has the second largest number of confirmed cases followed by the USA as on September 15, 2020. This chapter analyzes the overall features of the outbreak within the country as well as the micro social impacts caused by the coronavirus in India. Based on thematic content of various newspapers, magazines, and other media reports qualitative analyses, it is possible to understand the country features and social impact of the novel coronavirus pandemic. The first part of the chapter gives a general overview of the outbreak and government responses, and the second section scrutinizes the social impact in relation to micro level socio-economic consequences and epidemiological concerns. In mainstream reports, the impact of COVID-19 outbreak in India has been presented through the macro-economic indicators and emphasis on the negative economic impacts such as decline of growth rate, shrinking Gross Domestic Product (GDP), etc. However, the micro level socio-economic impacts of the outbreak, which are largely caused by the government interventions i.e., lock down, social distancing, etc., persist beyond the statistical number and have spread to every corner of the society. Although statistics revealed that the case fatality rate and death per hundred thousand is relatively low in India compared to other severely affected countries there are reasons beyond the standard epidemiological claims for this trend, reasons which are not properly addressed. This chapter concludes that while, from an epidemiological point of view, India has, thus far, been successful in handing the crisis brought by the global outbreak;however, the social consequences are much larger and need to be taken in consideration before claiming any success. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.

Post Covid-19 Insights: Building an Economically Sustainable and Resilient Ati Community in the Philippines through Community-Based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR)

The Ati are indigenous peoples of the Philippines who live in Sitio Tagaw, Tamulalod, Dumarao, and Capiz. In this community, there are 353 Ati whose sources of livelihood are farming crops, raising animals, and selling their arts and crafts, which the middlemen bought at a meager cost during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. With these, the researcher conducted Community-based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR). This study aimed to empower the Ati community by building an economically sustainable and resilient individual amidst the pandemic. Specifiically, it aimed to assess the needs of the Ati farmers in managing and marketing their farm products, design and implement the intervention activities that will address their needs in the management and marketing of their farm products, and ascertain the impacts of the intervention activities on the lives of the Ati beneficiaries. Community immersion, informal interviews, and observations were conducted while ethical considerations and health protocols were observed. The results showed that the participants encountered challenges in the value chain of their products and their children's education during this time of the pandemic. To address the issues on the value chain, the researcher implemented capacity-building activities on the management and production of their crops and animals and created social media to market their products on the digital platform. These intervention activities created positive socioeconomic impacts on the lives of the Ati community. Innovative marketing models are proposed to be adopted by other marginalized communities during and even beyond the pandemic. The strategies in this study that utilize social media platforms could also be applied to other marginalized and remote communities that need help accessing potential customers to improve their livelihood and income, even during calamities on a global scale. © 2022, Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences. All Rights Reserved.

Doing good or looking good: how socially responsible human resource management practices influence employees' CSR-specific performance

PurposeThis study examines whether, how and when socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) practices increase employees' in-role and extra-role corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses data from 422 employees of 68 companies.FindingsSRHRM improves employees' in-role CSR-specific performance via impression management motivation and enhance extra-role CSR-specific performance via prosocial motivation. Moral identity symbolization strengthens the relationship between SRHRM and impression management motivation, and moral identity internalization reinforces the relationship between SRHRM and prosocial motivation. The authors also propose mediated moderation models.Practical implicationsThis study indicates that company can adopt SRHRM practices to improve employees' in-role and extra-role CSR-specific performance.Originality/valueThis study reveals how and when SRHRM practices influence employees' CSR-specific performance and sheds light on the social impacts of SRHRM.

Foreign research progress on social impact and emergency management in the post-pandemic era

We define the concept and analyze the connotation of the post-pandemic era by reviewing the recent foreign research on social impacts, risk prevention and control, and emergency management in the post-pandemic era. The current state of foreign research in the post-pandemic era is outlined, and the progress of foreign research on social impacts like urban planning and travel patterns, as well as core issues like risk prevention and control and emergency management in the post-pandemic era is analyzed in detail. The characteristics and shortcomings of existing research are summarized and future research in the postpandemic era is also forecasted. COVID-19 has had a huge impact on how people socialize, travel, and work, as well as changing industry trends, technical advancements, and social governance. Uncertainty is the most significant risk feature of the post-pandemic era, and the coupling of numerous hazards poses a new set of challenges to emergency management practices.

Social Inequalities in Mental Health and Self-Perceived Health in the First Wave of COVID-19 Lockdown in Latin America and Spain: Results of an Online Observational Study.

COVID-19 lockdowns greatly affected the mental health of populations and collectives. This study compares the mental health and self-perceived health in five countries of Latin America and Spain, during the first wave of COVID 19 lockdown, according to social axes of inequality. This was a cross-sectional study using an online, self-managed survey in Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Spain. Self-perceived health (SPH), anxiety (measured through GAD-7) and depression (measured through PHQ-9) were measured along with lockdown, COVID-19, and social variables. The prevalence of poor SPH, anxiety, and depression was calculated. The analyses were stratified by gender (men = M; women = W) and country. The data from 39,006 people were analyzed (W = 71.9%). There was a higher prevalence of poor SPH and bad mental health in women in all countries studied. Peru had the worst SPH results, while Chile and Ecuador had the worst mental health indicators. Spain had the lowest prevalence of poor SPH and mental health. The prevalence of anxiety and depression decreased as age increased. Unemployment, poor working conditions, inadequate housing, and the highest unpaid workload were associated with worse mental health and poor SPH, especially in women. In future policies, worldwide public measures should consider the great social inequalities in health present between and within countries in order to tackle health emergencies while reducing the health breach between populations.

Strategies for Introducing Preventive Measures against Respiratory Diseases (Influenza and Covid-19) in Companies in the Czech Republic: Meta-Analysis

The article focuses on the identification of the main preventive strategies employed in countering respiratory diseases with the risk of pandemic transmission (influenza and COVID-19). The research aimed to create a literature review focusing on preventive measures and strategies to minimize the occurrence and spread of respiratory diseases among employees in private businesses. These findings are intended to be employed to develop a preventive economic model for organizations in the Czech Republic against the spread of respiratory diseases. Data were obtained by systematically selecting studies from scientific databases (EBSCO host, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science) and studying the hygienic recommendations of regional and government experts relevant to the objectives of this study. Based on a set of PICO questions and using a three-stage search, the authors analyzed a total of 1102 relevant scientific articles, and, subsequently, 15 relevant recommendations issued by the main experts of the Ministry of Health and other bodies of the Czech Republic between March 2020 and February 2022. The published studies point to a wide range of recommended preventive strategies against the occurrence and spread of respiratory diseases. The authors have proposed an organizational model that may strengthen preventive care in selected fields.

EU labor policy recommendations drawn from COVID‐driven research attention on cross‐border commuting – A review

This paper aims to investigate which EU cross‐border labor policy recommendations can be drawn from COVID‐driven research attention. For this purpose, a systematic literature review with an in‐depth qualitative analysis of selected articles was performed. Overall, three major categories of recommendations were revealed. Besides recommendations on contagion policy and the centrality of decision‐making, recommendations on solving the social impact of the pandemic on the reputation of cross‐border commuters can be deduced. The three categories are unified by the need for more regional but cross‐border approaches in decision‐making and research in general. Seeing the EU rather more as a constellation of various economic and social regions, including cross‐border communities, than a total of countries divided by national borders, would benefit EU labor policy and cross‐border commuters automatically – not only in times of crises. Exploiting new spatial research methods to analyze (labor) mobility within border regions enables novel contributions to the state of research.Alternate :El objetivo de este artículo es investigar qué recomendaciones sobre las políticas laborales transfronterizas de la UE pueden extraerse de la atención prestada por la investigación a COVID. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura con un análisis cualitativo en profundidad de los artículos seleccionados. En conjunto, aparecieron tres grandes categorías de recomendaciones. Además de las recomendaciones sobre la política de contagio y la importancia de la toma de decisiones, se extrajeron recomendaciones para resolver el impacto social de la pandemia en la reputación de los viajeros transfronterizos. Las tres categorías están vinculadas por la necesidad de más enfoques regionales pero transfronterizos en la toma de decisiones y la investigación en general. Entender la UE más como una constelación de una serie de regiones económicas y sociales, entre ellas las comunidades transfronterizas, en vez de un número de países divididos por fronteras nacionales, beneficiaría automáticamente a la política laboral de la UE y a los trabajadores transfronterizos, no sólo en tiempos de crisis. La explotación de nuevos métodos de investigación espacial para analizar la movilidad (laboral) dentro de las regiones fronterizas permite realizar aportaciones novedosas al avance de la investigación.Alternate :抄録本稿では、EUの国境を越えた労働政策の提言のうち、どれが新型コロナウイルス関連の研究上の注目課題から引き出すことができるかを検討する。この目的のために、システマティック・レビューを実施し、一部の論文には詳細な定性的分析も実施した。概して、推奨事項には主要な3つのカテゴリーがあることが明らかになった。感染政策及び意思決定における中央集権性に関する勧告の他に、国境を越えた通勤者の評判に対するパンデミックの社会的影響を解決するための勧告を導き出すことができる。この3つのカテゴリーは、意思決定や研究全般において、地域的ではあるが国境を越えたアプローチが必要であるため、1つにまとめられている。EUを、国境で分けられた国の集合体ではなく、国境を越えたコミュニティを包括した様々な経済的・社会的地域の集合体と見る方が、危機の際に限らず、EUの労働政策と国境を越えた通勤者の利益となることは当然であるといえる。国境地域内の (労働力の)移動性を分析するための新たな空間的研究手法を活用することで、研究に新しい貢献がもたらされる。

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Academic Performance of Students: A Psychosocial Study Using Association and Regression Model

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has affected every sector of human activities. The outbreak has not only resulted in the risk of death from infection but has greatly affected the education system globally. While universities around the world have adapted to academic changes because of this pandemic, some other universities such as in Nigeria seem to be far behind. Therefore, this study aims to understand the impact of COVID-19 on students in higher institutions in Nigeria. The study utilizes an interactive survey design to get responses from 1533 respondents who are students of tertiary institutions. Two sampling techniques, namely snow-balling and purposive, are used to administer the questionnaire. The participants are representative samples from across the 6 geo-political zones of Nigeria. The results from the descriptive analysis reveals that 11.6% of the respondents have been able to continue school online and 41.4% have a level of doubt about the ability of their school can adapt to the learning mode occurring globally. Inferential analysis was carried out to understand the association and regression between variables. Results from Chi-Square Test of association show that students from public universities are economically more affected than those from private universities (P-value < .005). The ordinal logistic model considered multiple independent variables. Results from the logistic model showed that the future effect of COVID-19 on career/academic progression of students hold, irrespective of discipline or degree of study or university category or level/year of study. Furthermore, 30% of the students, regardless of their discipline, degree of study, or university category expressed extreme or moderate hopelessness about their academic future concerning the pandemic. The study has shown that the pandemic did not only lead to physical, technological, and economical challenges to education for Nigerian students, but also psychosocial challenges (such as hopelessness and high level of distrust for the existing educational systems) that may affect the way student engage and commit to their education in the post-pandemic world. This provides educational stakeholders including policy makers the adequate data needed to understand how exactly students have been affected and supportive measure to implement as tertiary institutions reopen for learning.

Current Development and Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy

The pandemic has still left many aftermaths around the world and also in Italy. In a globalized world and especially in countries that are the destination of numerous trips, tourism and immigration such as in Italy, the consequences of COVID-19—now at the 4th wave—are being felt a lot. Despite the call from the authorities to get vaccinated, some citizen are afraid to get vaccinated and others, under the acronym no-wax, also violently protest against journalists, scientists and politicians. Therefore, vaccinations, the only remedy against the pandemic, are slow. In addition, many people do not adopt the recommendations to wear the face masks and adopt the spacing. Many young people, with the excuse of the search for freedom, gather in indoor venues, attracted by the invitations that are exchanged through social media. The biggest problems concern frail people and school pupils. © TheEditor(s) (ifapplicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021, 2022.

The social impact of distance learning in Roman schools: "Success," social innovation, teaching practices.

Faced with the national emergency linked to the spread of COVID-19 in Italy, digital technologies have made it possible to carry out the ordinary activities of the various educational agencies through the main tool of Distance Learning (DaD). The intensive use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the guarantee of accessibility represent an enabling prerogative for current education systems, enriching training in a variety of ways and opportunities which must be accessible to all. ICTs take on a propulsive function for change in schools because they make it possible to affect the school setting, to transform the learning environment by redesigning space, reorganizing time, modifying communication and socialization processes, encouraging, in students, the development of key competencies in digital literacy and media education. Considering the context of a school transformed and renewed by the teaching and training potential of ICT, it becomes central to reconstruct the requests and needs developed by the practitioners of educational policies to cope with the reorganization of teaching methods and times at the time of DaD. Starting from these premises, the paper focuses attention on the social impact (Stern, 2016) of DaD to evaluate: the extent and intensity of the methodological-didactic innovation required of teachers for the organization and conducting remote lessons; the increase-in students-of transversal and digital literacy skills (team working, problem solving, etc.) potentially associated with the use of ICTs; the involvement and collaboration of families in the process of assessing and verifying learning. The reflection is part of a broader research project by the University of Sapienza University of Rome entitled "The social impact assessment of DaD after COVID-19"; a 3 year evaluation research addressed to a typological sample of upper secondary schools in Rome classified on the basis of the Infrastructure and Equipment indicator of the Rav and the social effect of the school (school effect) on the academic performance of students in the tests Invalsi. The evaluation aimed to identify-from the DaD experience-indications useful in re-designing the school's intervention strategy in the phases following the pandemic; for this reason it adopted an analysis perspective that valorized the positive and most successful aspects in the testimonies of the teachers and students involved in the first phase of the research (conducted in May-June 2021). Within the framework of the Positive Thinking Evaluation, the empirical evidence-collected through the administration/conduction of semi-structured interviews, focus groups, online ethnographic observation of the lessons in DaD-will allow us to reflect on some dimensions of success and of particular social innovation for the teachers' teaching practices and the students' learning processes in DaD. In the Positive Thinking Evaluation, success is a positive effect (not just a "good practice"), even an unexpected one, of an activity that has produced a positive change in the context of program implementation.

Vaccine Strategy During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Community Engaged Research Supporting a Policy Oriented Towards Nonprofit Organizations and Volunteers

In the face of the Covid-19 crisis, vaccination was the medical tool and nonprofit organizations have tried to reduce its social impact. Nevertheless, they are mostly constituted of elderly volunteers, who chose to suspend their commitment. In France, within community-engaged research, a proposition from practitioners was to adapt the health strategy by including volunteers in the vaccine strategy. A survey dedicated to these topics and testing the proposition in January-February 2021 obtained 1,862 responses from volunteers. It confirms that the pandemic has disrupted volunteering and that the vaccination of volunteers would allow NPOs to reduce the lack of human resources.

Smart Technology Effecting Tourism Development in Albania

The concept of tourism represents a wide field of research and development, especially considering the global dimensions it is taking. In Albania, the tourism sector has become one of the most important sectors of economic development, especially in recent years when attention has increased in the international arena. The financial and social impact has begun to be experienced, when seeing that almost all figures in the tourism components show growth. The earthquake of November 26, 2019, and especially the isolation from the COVID-19 pandemic, had a negative impact, that limited the development and investment capacities in this sector. As a result of the great opportunities that our country offers in the field of tourism, technology has played a no less important role, especially for promotion to foreigners. The standardization of services has come as a result of awareness on development opportunities, but also as a result of constant demands and models borrowed from other countries, where digital transformation also undoubtedly plays a role. Another element affected in this study is the digitalization of business in the provision method of the tourism product. Specifically, tel_Albania, as a leading company in the country, has launched the tel_Business platform, by aiming to contribute to the fulfilment of the concepts of smart tourism and e-tourism.